Michela+Lombardi+Deforestation+Research+Notes

Possible Questions:

How can we protect our environment while meeting the needs of the economy today?

How can the needs of society be met today with out destroying the habitat and environment of our world. How can we balance the need of economic challenges as well as political challenges with out destroying out natural environment.

♥ records, suggest that plant eating insects might increase their assaults on the foliage because of warming temperatures round the globe ♥ more than 55 million years ago Earth experienced rapid jump in global carbon dioxide levels (raised temperatures around the planet) ♥ researches show rising temperatures may have boosted the foraging of insects ♥ modern temperatures rise, researchers believe the planet could see increasing crop damage and forest devastation. ♥ study shows link between temperature and insect feeding on leaves ♥ When temperature increases, the diversity of insect feeding damage on plant species also increases ♥ study shows that insects responded rapidly to a major change in climate during the PETM
 * __About Forestation and About the Pine Beetle__ **

Dendroctonus ponderosae (scientific name of the bug) ♥ Native to forests in western North America, Mexico, Central ♥ Reoccur in western forests ♥ Two aspects of the current epidemic are believed to have been started by climate change: (1) increased temperatures farther north and at higher elevations (allowing complete life cycles in areas previously not susceptible to the beetle) and (2) possibly regional drought (making trees more susceptible to beetle attacks). ♥ Spraying every tree with an insecticide is bad ♥ the beetle outbreak in the high-elevation pine ecosystems could significantly alter these ecosystems pines are much slower to ♥ many economic problems being created- the lumber could be used for creating biomass energy ♥ Canadians can no longer ship as much timber to the US because so much of it has been ruined by beetles ♥ The pine beetle slowly eats away at the trees that it attracts and slowly breaks it down and infects it ♥ Many trees have been cut down from this bug because the bug can travel and infect many other trees cause the whole forest to be cut down ♥ Forestation company’s cut down the specific tree before the bug infects the rest of the forest
 * __About the Pine Beetle and what it does__ **


 * Definition of Forestry ** : the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber.
 * Definition of Deforestation ****: ** the clearance of naturally occurring forests by logging and burning.

♥ trees or derived charcoal are used as, or sold, for fuel or as a commodity ♥ resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss ♥ there can be tropical forest deforestation or even boreal forest devastation ♥ clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale ♥ biggest driver of deforestation is agriculture ♥ major concern for the world today ♥  some reasons for deforestation ♥ there are social, political and economical reasons for deforestation - logging - farmers need land to grow crops Social Reasons: - people lack of awareness is one of the major reasons Political Reasons: - To get control of government many party officials make unintelligible policies that affect the forests - bombing on a piece of land also causes drainage and total destruction of the area • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- Land disputes, competition for cutting timber, • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-incoherent development policies • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-fires • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-wood cutting programs • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-lack of environment and cultural awareness • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-slash and burn • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-land clearing • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-change in land use • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-fires • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-pests and diseases • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-illegal cutting <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
 * __Reasons for Deforestation and Why__ **
 * __Where does Deforestation Happens:__ **
 * __Mexico :__ **

• <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-drainage • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-logging • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-transforming of soil hydrology • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-changes in water quality and quantity • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-clear cutting • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-carbon storage • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-slash and burn agriculture • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-soil erosion • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-forest clearance for agricultural land • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-soil degradation • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-land tenure issues • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-conflicting policies affecting forests • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-unsustainable extraction of forest products • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-replacing the forests by other production systems such as pulpwood, cattle-raising, and farming • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-collection of fuel wood • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-mining activities • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-timber harvesting • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-poverty • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-forest fires
 * __Canada :__ **
 * __Dominica :__ **
 * __Costa Rica :__ **
 * __Honduras :__ **

• <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-insufficient means to provide assistance to small private forest landowners • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-lack of investment research • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-the forests and their services are taken advantage of • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-Pressure by trade and globalization • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-Certain aspects of human behavior, such as egotism and greed • <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-Policies to allow ranchers to have their cattle graze in national parks. <span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> This information was taken from http://www.tqnyc.org/2005/NYC052139//N%20and%20C%20%20America.htm// Deforestation//. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.tqnyc.org/2005/NYC052139//N%20and%20C%20%20America.htm also use this website http://www.tqnyc.org/2005/NYC052139//Deforestation.htm
 * __United States :__ **